What is Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis, often abbreviated as OA, is a common and chronic joint condition that primarily affects the cartilage in the joints. Cartilage is the tough, slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form a joint. In osteoarthritis, this cartilage gradually breaks down and wears away, leading to pain, swelling, and reduced joint mobility.
The exact cause of osteoarthritis is not always clear, but it can be related to factors such as ageing, genetics, joint injuries, and obesity. As the cartilage deteriorates, the bones in the joint may begin to rub against each other, causing further pain and joint damage. Osteoarthritis commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the knees, hips, and spine, as well as other joints such as the hands and fingers.
Symptoms
The symptoms of osteoarthritis can vary from person to person and depend on which joints are affected and the severity of the condition. Common symptoms of osteoarthritis include the following:
Pain
This can be variable and sometimes described as a deep ache
Stiffness
Particularly in the morning or after periods of inactivity. It may take some time for the joint to “warm up” and become more flexible
Reduced movement
Decreased range of motion in the joint: This means it becomes more difficult to fully bend, straighten, or move the joint
Swelling and tenderness
The affected joint may become swollen, and the surrounding area might feel tender to the touch; but it should never be very swollen or hot and red
Bony changes
You can sometimes get the development of bony growths (osteophytes) around the affected joint
Noises
Some people with osteoarthritis experience a grating or crackling sensation, known as crepitus, when moving the affected joint
Weakness or muscle loss
Over time, as the joint becomes less functional, the muscles around it may weaken or atrophy due to decreased use and support of the joint
Management
Osteoarthritis is a long-term condition, and while it cannot be cured, there are various treatment options to manage its symptoms and improve quality of life. These may include lifestyle changes (such as weight management and exercise), pain-relief medications, physiotherapy, and in some cases, surgery to repair or replace the damaged joint. The goal of treatment is to reduce pain, improve joint function, and enhance the individual’s overall well-being. It is useful for individuals with osteoarthritis to work closely with healthcare professionals to create a personalised treatment plan based on their specific needs and the severity of the condition. Remember that managing osteoarthritis is an ongoing process, and it may involve trying various strategies to find what works best for you. A positive outlook, proactive management, and a support network can make the journey with osteoarthritis one of growth, adaptability, and resilience.
You can explore our self-care and self-management information pages for advice on how to get started with joint specific exercises.
Versus Arthritis
“Versus Arthritis,” is a charitable organisation, offering a range of resources and support to help individuals who are affected by arthritis and related musculoskeletal conditions. They provide information, resources and support to individuals with arthritis, as well as their families and caregivers. Their services are designed to empower individuals with arthritis to manage their condition, improve their well-being, and connect with a supportive community.
To benefit from Versus Arthritis, you can visit their website or call their helpline (tel: 0800 5200 520)
Versus arthritis have developed a leaflet for activity and other self management opportunities available in Scotland (updated 2024)